| 1. |
INTRODUCTION |
4 |
| 2. |
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND FUTURE PROSPECTS |
6 |
| 3. |
THE WIND ENERGY MARKET IN THE UK |
10 |
| 3.1 | INTRODUCTION TO WIND ENERGY IN THE UK |
10 |
| 3.1.2 | Wind Power Technology |
11 |
| 3.2 | WIND POWER PROVISION IN THE UK |
12 |
| 3.2.1 | Onshore Wind Energy |
12 |
| 3.2.2 | Offshore Wind Energy |
14 |
| 3.3 | CURRENT ENERGY SUPPLIES IN THE UK |
15 |
| 3.4 | FUTURE ENERGY SUPPLIES AND RENEWABLE SOURCES OF ENERGY |
17 |
| 3.4.1 | Future Energy Supplies |
17 |
| 3.4.2 | Climate Change and Carbon Emissions |
19 |
| 3.4.3 | Security & Availability of Future Energy Supplies |
20 |
| 3.4.4 | Renewable Sources of Energy |
21 |
| 3.5 | THE FUTURE OF WIND POWER IN THE UK |
25 |
| 4. |
ONSHORE AND OFFSHORE WIND ENERGY IN DETAIL |
27 |
| 4.1 | MARKET OVERVIEW |
27 |
| 4.2 | OFFSHORE WIND ENERGY |
28 |
| 4.2.1 | Market Overview |
28 |
| 4.2.2 | Offshore Wind Energy Projects in the UK |
29 |
| 4.2.3 | Offshore Wind Energy Technology |
35 |
| 4.3 | ONSHORE WIND ENERGY |
36 |
| 4.3.1 | Market Overview |
36 |
| 4.3.2 | Onshore Wind Energy Projects in the UK |
37 |
| 4.3.3 | Onshore Wind Energy Technology |
40 |
| 4.4 | WIND ENERGY COSTS |
41 |
| 4.4.1 | Capital Costs |
41 |
| 4.4.2 | Operational Costs |
44 |
| 5. |
FACTORS AFFECTING THE WIND ENERGY MARKET |
46 |
| 5.1 | PLANNING |
46 |
| 5.1.1 | Consenting Process for Wind Farms |
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| 5.1.2 | Site Selection |
47 |
| 5.1.3 | Planning Delays |
48 |
| 5.1.4 | Planning Legislation |
51 |
| 5.2 | TECHNICAL ISSUES |
52 |
| 5.2.1 | Turbine Shortage |
52 |
| 5.2.2 | Turbine Manufacturers |
53 |
| 5.2.3 | Grid & Transmission Issues |
57 |
| 5.2.4 | Foundations |
60 |
| 5.2.5 | Installation |
61 |
| 5.3 | SUPPLY CHAIN |
61 |
| 5.3.1 | Supply Chain Constraints |
62 |
| 6. |
CONSTRUCTION MARKET SUPPLY IN THE WIND ENERGY SECTOR |
64 |
| 6.1 | VALUE OF THE WIND POWER SECTOR TO THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY |
64 |
| 6.2 | WIND ENERGY SUPPLY CHAIN |
65 |
| 6.3 | CONSTRUCTION EXPERIENCE IN THE UK WIND ENERGY SECTOR |
67 |
| 6.3.1 | Key Contractor/Consultant Profiles |
67 |
| 6.4 | KEY CLIENTS IN THE WIND ENERGY SECTOR |
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| TABLES AND CHARTS |
| CHART 1 | WIND POWER INSTALLATIONS BY COUNTRY IN 2007 AND 2010 (MW) |
6 |
| TABLE 2 | OPERATIONAL WIND FARMS IN THE UK |
10 |
| TABLE 3 | ONSHORE WIND FARM CAPACITY STATISTICS 2008 OPERATIONAL, UNDER CONSTRUCTION, CONSENTED, IN-PLANNING |
12 |
| CHART 4 | ONSHORE WIND ANNUAL CAPACITY INSTALLED IN THE UK 2004 2008 |
13 |
| TABLE 5 | OFFSHORE WIND FARM STATISTICS 2008 OPERATIONAL, UNDER CONSTRUCTION, CONSENTED, IN-PLANNING |
14 |
| CHART 6 | OFFSHORE WIND ANNUAL CAPACITY INSTALLED IN THE UK 2004 2008 |
15 |
| CHART 7 | ELECTRICITY GENERATION MIX SHARE BY FUEL TYPE 2007 |
17 |
| CHART 8 | POSSIBLE FUTURE ELECTRICITY GENERATION MIX BY FUEL TYPE 2025 (GAS, NUCLEAR, RENEWABLES, COAL, OTHERS) |
18 |
| TABLE 9 | CARBON EMISSIONS OF GENERATING TECHNOLOGIES WIND, NUCLEAR, BIOMASS, NATURAL GAS, COAL AND LIGNITE |
19 |
| CHART 10 | FOSSIL FUEL RESERVES-TO-PRODUCTION RATIOS (YEARS) BY FUEL AND REGION (OECD, FSU, EME AND REST OF WORLD) |
21 |
| CHART 11 | ELECTRICITY GENERATION FROM RENEWABLE SOURCES (%) |
22 |
| CHART 12 | POSSIBLE FUTURE ELECTRICITY GENERATION MIX FROM ALTERNATIVE RENEWABLE SOURCES IN 2020 (%) |
26 |
| CHART 13 | WIND ENERGY ANNUAL CAPACITY INSTALLED (MW) 2004 - 2020 |
28 |
| TABLE 14 | UK OFFSHORE WIND FARMS - ROUND 1 CURRENT STATUS |
30 |
| TABLE 15 | UK OFFSHORE WIND FARMS - ROUND 2 CURRENT STATUS |
31 |
| CHART 16 | LOCATIONS FOR OFFSHORE WIND FARMS CROWN ESTATE DEVELOPMENTS ROUNDS 1-3 |
32 |
| TABLE 17 | CROWN ESTATE OFFSHORE WIND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME ROUND 3 ESTIMATED TIMESCALE FOR DELIVERY 2008-2018. (TENDER PROCESS, FINANCIAL AND CONSTRUCTION PHASES). |
34 |
| CHART 18 | OFFSHORE WIND FARMS PROJECT TURBINE SIZE 2005 - 2015 |
36 |
| TABLE 19 | LEADING ONSHORE WIND FARMS BY MW OF CAPACITY OPERATING IN THE UK |
38 |
| TABLE 20 | LEADING ONSHORE WIND FARMS BY MW OF CAPACITY UNDER CONSTRUCTION IN THE UK |
39 |
| CHART 21 | ONSHORE WIND FARMS CHANGES IN PROJECT TURBINE SIZE (UP TO 1 MW, 1-1.5, 1.5-2, 2-3, 3MW+) OPERATIONAL, UNDER CONSTRUCTION, CONSENTED, IN PLANNING |
40 |
| CHART 22 | ONSHORE WIND FARMS CAPITAL COST BREAKDOWN (TYPICAL 5MW PROJECT) |
42 |
| CHART 23 | OFFSHORE WIND FARMS CAPITAL COST BREAKDOWN (TYPICAL 5MW PROJECT) |
42 |
| TABLE 24 | ONSHORE AND OFFSHORE WIND FARMS COST BREAKDOWN BY COMPONENT/SERVICE (TYPICAL 5MW PROJECT) |
43 |
| TABLE 25 | COST OF GENERATING ELECTRICITY BY ENERGY SOURCE 2007 OPERATING COSTS OF COAL, NUCLEAR, GAS, ONSHORE / OFFSHORE WIND (£/MW/H) |
45 |
| CHART 26 | WIND FARMS ACROSS THE UK CURRENT CONSENTED CAPACITY (MW BY COUNTRY) |
49 |
| CHART 27 | WIND FARMS ACROSS THE UK PROJECTS IN PLANNING (MW BY COUNTRY) |
50 |
| CHART 28 | ONSHORE WIND ENERGY PLANNING REFUSALS 2004 -2008 (MW) |
51 |
| CHART 29 | LEADING GLOBAL TURBINE MANUFACTURERS MARKET SHARES (MW OF CAPACITY INSTALLED IN 2007) |
53 |
| TABLE 30 | LEADING GLOBAL TURBINE MANUFACTURERS INSTALLED CAPACITY, TURBINE SIZES & KEY MARKETS |
54 |
| CHART 31 | GRID CONNECTION OPPORTUNITIES IN THE UK |
59 |
| CHART 32 | NEW ONSHORE/OFFSHORE WIND PROJECTS ESTIMATED MARKET VALUE TO THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY TO 2020 |
64 |
| TABLE 33 | CONSTRUCTION SUPPLY CHAIN IN THE WIND ENERGY SECTOR KEY TIERS AND PLAYERS |
66 |
| CHART 34 | KEY WIND FARM CLIENTS FUTURE WIND POWER CAPACITY (GW) 2007 - 2012 |
76 |
| TABLE 35 | UK WIND ENERGY COMPANIES CURRENT PORTFOLIOS AS AT JUNE 2008 (OPERATIONAL, CONSTRUCTION, CONSENTED AND PLANNING) BY OUTPUT CAPACITY. |
78 |
