| 1. |
INTRODUCTION |
7 |
| 2. | SUMMARY |
9 |
| 3. | ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT |
14 |
| 3.1 | GDP |
14 |
| 3.2 | INFLATION & INTEREST RATES |
15 |
| 3.3 | UNEMPLOYMENT |
15 |
| 3.4 | HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION |
16 |
| 3.5 | HOUSING & CONSTRUCTION |
17 |
| 3.6 | STERLING |
18 |
| 3.7 | POPULATION PROFILE |
19 |
| 3.8 | CONCLUSIONS |
20 |
| 4. | WASTE MANAGEMENT MARKET |
22 |
| 4.1 | DEFINITION OF WASTE |
22 |
| 4.2 | CONTROLLED WASTE MARKET SIZE AND TRENDS |
23 |
| 4.2.1 | Data |
23 |
| 4.2.2 | The UK Controlled Waste Management Market |
23 |
| 4.2.3 | Key Influences |
27 |
| 4.3 | CONTRACTORS REVIEW |
28 |
| 4.3.1 | Overview |
28 |
| 4.3.2 | Major Private Waste Management Companies |
32 |
| 4.3.3 | Local Authority Waste Disposal Companies (LAWDCs) |
45 |
| 4.4 | CONCLUSION |
47 |
| 5. | INDUSTRY INFLUENCES |
48 |
| 5.1 | INTRODUCTION |
48 |
| 5.2 | LEGISLATION |
49 |
| 5.2.1 | EU Legislation |
49 |
| 5.2.2 | UK National Legislation |
57 |
| 5.3 | UK WASTE STRATEGIES AND INITIATIVES |
63 |
| 5.3.1 | UK Waste Strategies |
63 |
| 5.3.2 | Government Initiatives |
65 |
| 5.3.3 | The Waste and Resources Action Programme (WRAP) |
70 |
| 5.3.4 | PPP/PFI |
71 |
| 5.3.5 | Taxes and Other Levies |
76 |
| 5.4 | INDUSTRY INITIATIVES |
76 |
| 5.5 | CONCLUSION |
77 |
| 6. | UK WASTE ARISINGS |
78 |
| 6.1 | WASTE ARISINGS BY ORIGIN |
78 |
| 6.1.1 | Agriculture Wastes and Pesticides |
79 |
| 6.1.2 | Mining & Quarrying |
79 |
| 6.1.3 | Construction & Demolition |
82 |
| 6.1.4 | Commercial & Industrial |
84 |
| 6.1.5 | Municipal Waste |
86 |
| 6.1.6 | Sewage Sludge |
87 |
| 6.2 | WASTE ARISINGS BY END PRODUCT |
88 |
| 6.2.1 | Packaging |
88 |
| 6.2.2 | Tyres |
91 |
| 6.2.3 | Batteries |
92 |
| 6.2.4 | Electrical & Electronic Equipment (EEE) |
93 |
| 6.2.5 | End of Life Vehicles (ELVs) |
95 |
| 6.3 | WASTE ARISINGS BY MATERIAL TYPE |
96 |
| 6.3.1. | Paper and Board |
96 |
| 6.3.2 | Glass |
99 |
| 6.3.3 | Plastics |
101 |
| 6.3.4 | Metals |
102 |
| 6.3.5 | Wood |
104 |
| 6.3.6 | Green Waste |
105 |
| 6.3.7 | Clinical Waste |
106 |
| 6.3.8 | Textiles |
107 |
| 6.3.9 | Special/Hazardous Waste |
108 |
| 6.4 | CONCLUSION |
109 |
| 7. | WASTE COLLECTION, DISPOSAL, RECOVERY |
111 |
| 7.1 | OVERVIEW |
111 |
| 7.2 | WASTE COLLECTION |
112 |
| 7.3 | WASTE DISPOSAL |
115 |
| 7.3.1 | Overall |
115 |
| 7.3.2 | Landfill |
118 |
| 7.4 | WASTE RECOVERY |
119 |
| 7.4.1 | Incineration |
120 |
| 7.4.2 | Recycling |
122 |
| 7.4.3 | Composting |
124 |
| 8. | FUTURE PROSPECTS |
127 |
| 8.1 | THE WASTE MANAGEMENT INDUSTRY |
127 |
| 8.2 | WASTE ARISINGS |
131 |
| 8.3 | WASTE DISPOSAL AND RECOVERY |
133 |
| 8.4 | CONCLUSION |
135 |
| | APPENDIX | 137 |
|
TABLES AND CHARTS |
| TABLE 1 | ESTIMATED WASTE ARISINGS BY ORIGIN 2002/3 |
9 |
| TABLE 2 | UK HOUSEHOLD WASTE ARISINGS AND COST OF DISPOSAL PROJECTED TO 2020 |
10 |
| CHART 3 | UK CONTROLLED WASTE MANAGEMENT MARKET FORECAST BY VALUE £BN 2005-2015 |
11 |
| CHART 4 | INTEREST RATES AND INFLATION (CPI) FROM 1990-2008 |
15 |
| CHART 5 | PDI & SAVINGS RATIO AT CURRENT PRICES 1990-2006 |
17 |
| TABLE 6 | EXCHANGE RATE FLUCTUATIONS 2000-2007 - STERLING TO THE DOLLAR, AND THE EURO, SPOT RATES |
19 |
| CHART 7 | AGE DISTRIBUTION OF THE RESIDENT UK POPULATION 2001 (000) |
20 |
| TABLE 8 | UK CONTROLLED WASTE MANAGEMENT MARKET BY VALUE 2000-2009 |
24 |
| TABLE 9 | UK WASTE INDUSTRY MARKET SIZE AND SHARE 2005/6 |
29 |
| CHART 10 | UK WASTE MANAGEMENT SERVICES MARKET - MARKET SHARES 2004/5 |
30 |
| TABLE 11 | BIFFA FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS 20052006 £ MILLIONS |
32 |
| TABLE 12 | SHANKS TURNOVER 2004 2005 £ MILLIONS |
40 |
| TABLE 13 | SHANKS OPERATING PROFIT 2004 2005 £ MILLIONS |
40 |
| TABLE 14 | PRINCIPAL LAWDCS IN ENGLAND 2003 (TURNOVER) |
46 |
| TABLE 15 | CURRENT EUROPEAN DIRECTIVES RELATING TO WASTE MANAGEMENT |
50 |
| TABLE 16 | PACKAGING RECOVERY AND RECYCLING BUSINESS TARGETS 2004-2008 (%) |
60 |
| TABLE 17 | MAXIMUM AMOUNT OF LANDFILL (IN TONNES) |
61 |
| TABLE 18 | WASTE PFI CONTRACTS SIGNED |
73 |
| TABLE 19 | WASTE PFI PROJECTS APPROVED |
74 |
| TABLE 20 | ESTIMATED WASTE ARISINGS BY ORIGIN 2002/3 |
78 |
| TABLE 21 | MINING AND QUARRYING ARISINGS IN 2003 TONNES THOUSANDS |
80 |
| TABLE 22 | ESTIMATED REUSE OF CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION ARISINGS IN 2003 M TONNES |
83 |
| TABLE 23 | INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL ARISINGS BY CATEGORY 2002 |
84 |
| TABLE 24 | WASTE MANAGEMENT METHODS USED BY INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL SECTORS |
85 |
| TABLE 25 | ENGLAND MUNICIPAL WASTE MANAGEMENT METHODS 2003/ 2004 |
87 |
| TABLE 26 | TOTAL TONNAGE OF PACKAGING IN WASTE STREAM 2004, 2008 FORECAST (000 TONNES) |
89 |
| TABLE 27 | REVISED TARGET SCHEDULES FOR NATIONAL PACKAGING RECOVERY AND RECYCLING 2006-10 |
90 |
| CHART 28 | ESTIMATED EUROPEAN TYRE DISPOSAL ROUTES 2004 |
91 |
| TABLE 29 | FIBRE SOURCES FOR UK PAPERMAKING 2002 |
97 |
| CHART 30 | CONSUMPTION OF PAPER AND BOARD BY USAGE % |
97 |
| TABLE 31 | PAPER PRODUCTION AND USAGE OF RECOVERED PAPER 2005 |
98 |
| TABLE 32 | ESTIMATED WASTE GLASS ARISINGS AND RECYCLING BY TYPE (2003) |
99 |
| TABLE 33 | PERCENTAGE OF UK CONSUMPTION OF PLASTIC BY MARKET SECTOR 2002 |
101 |
| TABLE 34 | RECYCLED PROPORTION OF UK METALS CONSUMPTION (%) AND ENERGY SAVING % |
103 |
| CHART 35 | UK AVERAGE ANNUAL WOOD WASTE ARISINGS BY ORIGIN |
104 |
| TABLE 36 | SPECIAL WASTE ARISINGS UNITED KINGDOM MILLION TONNES 1998/99 2003 |
108 |
| TABLE 37 | INCOME AND EXPENDITURE BY WCAS, WDAS AND CWC & DAS 2004/05 |
112 |
| TABLE 38 | METHOD OF REFUSE COLLECTION ROUND WASTE CONTAINMENT, ENGLAND 2003/04 |
113 |
| TABLE 39 | WASTE COLLECTION AUTHORITIES NET COSTS OF SPECIFIC PROCESSES |
114 |
| TABLE 40 | TRENDS IN DISPOSAL METHODS |
116 |
| TABLE 41 | WASTE DISPOSAL AUTHORITIES
NET COSTS OF SPECIFIC PROCESSES 2003/04 AND 2004/05 WITH PERCENTAGE CHANGE |
117 |
| TABLE 42 | EUROPEAN RECYCLING AND COMPOSTING RATE 2003 |
122 |
| TABLE 43 | UK SELECTED PRODUCTS AND RECYCLING RATES |
124 |
| CHART 44 | GROWTH IN MATERIAL COMPOSTED IN THE UK |
125 |
| TABLE 45 | FORECAST CONTROLLED WASTE ARISINGS IN THE UK 2003-2008 M TONNES. |
132 |
| TABLE 46 | PROJECTED MUNICIPAL WASTE ARISINGS, RECOVERY, RECYCLING & COMPOSTING AND ENERGY FROM WASTE RATES TO 2015 IN ENGLAND & WALES |
133 |
| TABLE 47 |
FOUR OPTIONS FOR WASTE MANAGEMENT AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS TO 2020 |
134 |